Archive for January, 2009

Depression Treatment

Thursday, January 15th, 2009

Next post about Depression Treatment will be 1 February. Sorry to all readers…

REFERENCES

Monday, January 12th, 2009

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1980): Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd. ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. 2. Barron, S. A., Jacobs, L., and Kinkel, W. R. (1976): Neurology, 14:1011-1013. 3. Breier, A., Charney, D. S., and Heninger, G. R. (1985): Am. J. Psychiatry, 142:787-797. 4. Cassano, G. B. (1983): In: The Benzodiazepines: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice, edited by E. Costa, pp. 287-293. Raven Press, New York. 5. Cazzullo, C. L., Sacchetti, E., Vita, A., Ciussani, S., Conte, G., Pennati, A., and Invernizzi, G. (1984): IRCSMed. Sci., 12:917-918. 6. Covi, L., and Lipman, R. S. (1984): Clin. Neuropharmacol, 7Sl:924-925. 7. de Leon, M. J., and Ajax, E. G. (1983): In: The Dementias, edited by R. Mayeux and W. G. Rosen, pp. 103-121. Raven Press, New York. 8. Goldberg, D., and Hillier, V. (1979): Psychol. Med, 9:139-146. 9. Goldberg, D., and Simpson, N. (1985): In: Drug Treatment of Neurotic Disorders: Focus on Alprazolam, edited by M. H. Lader and H. С Davies, pp. 76-83. Churchill Livingstone, New York. 10. Hamilton, M. (1983): Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 15:165S-169S. 11. Invernizzi, G., and Sacchetti, E. (1985): In: Proceedings of the IVth National Congress of the Italian Society of Biological Psychiatry (Pavia, Italy, 19-20 October 1985), edited by G. Nappi, P. Pinelli, and D. Kemali, pp. 75-80. Emi Ras, Pavia, Italy. 12. Jacoby, R. J., and Levy, R. (1980): Br. J. Psychiatry, 136:270-275. 13. Jacoby, R. J., Levy, R., and Bird, J. M. (1981): Br. J. Psychiatry, 139:288-292. 14. Kraepelin, E. (1921): Manic Depressive Insanity and Paranoia. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh. 15. Nasrallah, H. A., McCalley-Whitters, M., and Chapman, S. (1984): Am. J. Psychiatry, 141:919. 16. Overall, J. E., Hollister, L. E., Johnson, M., and Pennington, V. (1966): JAMA, 195:946-948. 17. Paykel, E. S. (1971): Br. J. Psychiatry, 118:275-288. 18. Pearlson, G. D., Garbacz, D. J., Morberg, P. J., Ahn, H. A., and DePaulo, J. R. (1985): J. Nerv. Mem. Dis., 173:42-50. 19. Pearlson, G. D., Garbacz, D. J., Tompkins, M. A., Ahn, H. S., Gutterman, D. F., Veroff, A. E., and DePaulo, J. R. (1984): Am. J. Psychiatry, 141:253-257. 20. Prusoff, B. A., and Paykel, E. S. (1977): Int. Pharmacopsychiatry, 12:153-159. 21. Reveley, M. A. (1985): Br. J. Psychiatry, 146:367-371. 22. Sacchetti, E., Vita, A., Conte, G., Pennati, A., Alciati, A., Calzeroni, A., Invernizzi, G., and Cazzullo, С L. (1985): Presented at the IVth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry (Philadelphia, 8-13 September 1985). Abstract Book, p. 181. 23. Scott, M. L., Golden, C. J., Ruedrich, S. L., and Bishop, R. J. (1983): Psychiatry Res., 8:91-93. 24. Synek, V., and Reuben, J. R. (1976): Br. J. Radiol, 49:233-237. 25. Targum, S. D., Rosen, L. N., DeLisi, L. E., Weinberger, D. R., and Citnn, С . М . (1983): Biol. Psychiatry, 18:329-336. 26. Vita, A., Sacchetti, E., Calzeroni, A., Invernizzi, G, and Cazzullo, С L. (1986): In: Advances in Neuroimaging, edited by T. Reisner, H. Binder, and E. Deisenhammer, pp. 243-247. Verlag Wiener Medizinischen Akademie, Vienna.
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REFERENCES

Friday, January 9th, 2009

1. Cazzullo, С L. editor (1984): La depressione. Condizione esistenziale о insidia biologica? II Pensiero Scientifico Editore. 2. Guareschi-Cazzullo, A., Bertolini, M., and Geitlinger, G. (1978): Normalita, salute e malattia nel bambino. Ed. Tempo Medico, Milano. 3. Kerr, A., Roth, M, and Shapira, K. (1974): Br. J. Psychiatry, 124:125-133. 4. Papakostopulos, D. (1982): Clinical Application of Cerebral Evoked Potentials in Pediatric Med­icine, edited by D. Papakostopulos and G. A. Chiarenza, pp. 5-40. Excerpta Medica. 5. Reiman, E. M, Raihle, M. E., Robins, E., Butler, К F., Herscovitch, P., Fox, P., and Perlmutter, J. (1986): Am. J. Psychiatry, 143:469-477. 6. Roth, M, Gurney, C, Garside, R. F., and Kerr, T. A. (1972): Br. J. Psychiatry, 121:147-161. 7. Shapira, K., Roth, M, and Kerr, T. (1972): Br. J. Psychiatry, 121:175-183. 8. Sheehan, D„ Ballanger, J., and Iacobsen, G. (1980): Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 37:51-59.

RESULTS AND COMMENTS

Friday, January 2nd, 2009

Analyzing the frequency distribution of the personality disorders in the study subgroups we found that the most frequent were histrionic disorders among the bipolar patients (30%) and compulsive ones among the unipolar group (32%). Paranoid and dependent disorders were the most frequent (9%) among the control group. Borderline disorders were present only in the latter (6%). Further, per­sonality disorders were differently distributed among the three groups, most strongly clustered in the group of unipolar patients—avoidant (18%), compulsive (32%), dependent (25%), and passive-aggressive (11%) personalities—overlapping cluster III reported by Pfohl et al., in 1984 (24). Unipolar patients showed higher frequency personality disorders than bipolar and controls. Schizotypal and an­tisocial personality types were not present in any of the sample groups, although schizoids were found only among the unipolar patients (11%), as was the case with avoidant disorders. Table 1 presents data on morbidity risks for first-degree relatives according to the presence or absence of personality disorders, sex of probands, and type of familial relationship for the three study subgroups.
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